Understanding Cannabis Withdrawal: Symptoms and Support

Cannabis use has become increasingly common for both recreational and wellness purposes. Though many find rewarding benefits from cannabis use without negative side effects, others can develop unwanted dependence. Contrary to popular belief, regular or heavy use of cannabis can, in some cases, lead to cannabis use disorder. As a result, an individual can experience a host of uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of cannabis use [1]. To shed light on cannabis withdrawal symptoms, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cannabis withdrawal and the support available for those experiencing this type of withdrawal.

What is cannabis withdrawal?

Cannabis withdrawal refers to the physical and psychological symptoms that can occur when a person who has been using cannabis regularly stops or significantly reduces their use. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), cannabis withdrawal syndrome is recognized as a condition associated with cannabis dependence and use disorder. According to research, this can occur because the body and brain have adapted to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive substance in higher-THC cannabis. More specifically, the brain has become reliant on the feelings and sensations that the THC provides [2].

Symptoms of cannabis withdrawal

Psychological symptoms

The psychological symptoms of cannabis withdrawal can be challenging and may include:

• Anxiety: Increased feelings of worry and nervousness.
• Depressed mood: Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness.
• Irritability: Increased agitation and frustration.
• Mood swings: Rapid and intense changes in mood.
• Sleep problems: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, often accompanied by disturbing dreams or strange dreams [1].

Physical symptoms

The physical symptoms of cannabis withdrawal can also be quite uncomfortable and may include:

• Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches.
• Nausea: Feelings of queasiness or an upset stomach.
• Decreased appetite: Reduced desire to eat, which can lead to weight loss.
• Stomach pain: General discomfort or abdominal pain.
• Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired or lacking energy [1].

Common timeline

Typically, withdrawal symptoms begin within the first week of stopping cannabis use, peaking around days two to six, and, for some, can last for several weeks. Notably, people who stop suddenly may experience more severe symptoms that include anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, and decreased appetite [3].

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Factors influencing withdrawal severity

The severity of withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on several factors. For example, these factors may include:

• Duration and frequency of cannabis use: Long-term and heavy users are more likely to experience severe withdrawal.
• Individual differences: Genetics, overall health, and the presence of other substances in the body can influence withdrawal severity.
• Co-occurring mental health conditions: Those with existing mental health issues may experience more intense withdrawal symptoms [4].

Coping strategies and support

Self-help techniques

For many individuals, self-help strategies can be effective in managing cannabis withdrawal symptoms. For some, these include:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and staying hydrated can help alleviate symptoms.
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques: Practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can help manage anxiety and stress [5].

Professional help

In some cases, professional assistance may be necessary to manage withdrawal symptoms effectively. For example, these may include:

• Counseling and therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other therapeutic approaches can help address the psychological aspects of withdrawal [6].
• Medication-assisted treatment: Healthcare professionals may prescribe certain medications to help manage symptoms [7].
• Support groups: Joining a support group, whether in person or online, can provide a sense of community and shared experience [8].

Importance of a support system

Having a strong support system is crucial during the withdrawal process. For example, those experiencing uncomfortable symptoms may benefit from help from:

• Family and friends: Loved ones can provide emotional support and encouragement.
• Online communities: Virtual support groups and forums can offer additional resources and a sense of belonging [8].

Long-term recovery and prevention

Developing a relapse prevention plan

Creating a relapse prevention plan is essential for long-term recovery. For instance, these may include:

• Identifying triggers: Recognizing situations or emotions that may lead to cannabis use.
• Developing coping strategies: Having a plan in place to manage cravings and stressful situations [9].

Ongoing mental health Support

Continued support for mental health is vital. For some, professional guidance is key. This may include:

• Regular monitoring: Regular check-ins with a healthcare provider to monitor progress and address any ongoing issues.
• Mental health services: Access to mental health professionals to provide ongoing therapy and support [7].

Building a healthy lifestyle without cannabis dependence

Focusing on overall well-being can help maintain sobriety or less frequent use. For example, many people experiencing cannabis withdrawal symptoms find relief when:

• Engaging in fulfilling activities: Finding hobbies and activities that provide joy and satisfaction.
• Strengthening relationships: Building strong, supportive relationships with family and friends [9].

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Quit cannabis, or find a balanced relationship with it?

After recovering from cannabis use disorder, some individuals seek a balanced approach to cannabis consumption that aligns with their personal needs and lifestyles. More specifically, these individuals may not want to stop completely but manage their cannabis use in a way that avoids the negative consequences. For example, this might involve using cannabis products with lower THC content or opting for hemp products that can provide wellness benefits without the psychoactive effects. Ultimately, they aim to avoid the problematic use that led to their initial substance abuse, thus preventing a relapse into severe dependence [10].

On the other hand, many people who have faced the withdrawal effects and negative consequences of severe cannabis use disorder prefer to quit cannabis altogether. For them, abstaining from weed entirely or only using cannabis products that have no THC is the safest path to maintaining their recovery. These individuals often recognize the risks associated with recreational use and choose to avoid drugs and substances like alcohol that could trigger a relapse. At the end of the day, whether to continue using cannabis in a controlled manner or to stop completely is a deeply personal decision. It depends on individual needs, experiences, and the desire to prevent any future substance abuse or problematic use [10].

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Key takeaway: understanding cannabis withdrawal

Cannabis withdrawal can be a challenging experience, but understanding the symptoms and available support can make the process more manageable. Recognizing the signs of cannabis withdrawal syndrome and seeking appropriate help, whether through self-help techniques, professional treatment, or a supportive community, is crucial for those looking to stop or reduce their cannabis use. Long-term recovery is possible with the right strategies and support, leading to a healthier and more fulfilling life [3].

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Helpful Cannabis Resources:

• National Institute on Drug Abuse: Provides information on cannabis and its effects.
• American Psychiatric Association: Offers resources on mental health and substance use disorders.
• Local resources: Look for local support groups and treatment centers in your area.
• Online communities: Websites and forums where individuals share their experiences and offer support.

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Medical Disclaimer / Legal Disclaimer – Information is provided for educational purposes. It does not and is not intended to constitute legal advice or medical advice. We attempt to be accurate and up-to-date, but the legality of cannabinoids and the science of cannabis are evolving. The author is neither a legal professional nor a medical expert. Before buying or using any products, you should check with your local authorities and medical providers.

References

1. Marijuana Use Disorder: Yale Medicine
2. Cannabis Use Disorder-DSM-5
3. Marijuana Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment
4. Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder
5. How to Quit Smoking Weed
6. Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Cannabis Use Disorder
7. Current Treatments for Cannabis Use Disorder
8. Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder: Current Science and Future Outlook
9. Understanding Marijuana Addiction Relapse
10. Insights from Individuals Successfully Recovered from Cannabis Use Disorder
11. Cannabis Use Disorder: Clinical Features, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment